The paper discusses analytical applications of the business model canvas (BMC) formulated by Osterwalder & Pigneur [1]. From this model, a methodological tool was devised and used as part of an academic research project, in which the categories (blocks) of the BMC were taken as conceptual categories and further processed through a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). The specifics of reversing the business model canvas are examined, since the model was conceived for entrepreneurs and not strictly for the analysis of pre-existing companies. The application of the tool was done within the multidisciplinary mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) project 'Business dynamics of the audiovisual industry in Bogota', which was carried out from October 2017 to May 2019 at Manuela Beltran University in Bogota, Colombia. The methodological tool was applied to 32 key companies and four institutions of the local audiovisual industry through semi-structured interviews with people in managerial positions. The nine blocks of the BMC were conceptually developed to analyse the empirical data, holding them as internal variables. The assessment of the variables revealed opportunities for the growth and development of the companies and the whole industry, as well as patterns for the existing business models of the companies.

Hierdie artikel bespreek analitiese toepassing van die besigheidsmodel skilderdoek soos deur Osterwalder & Pigneur [1] formuleer. Van hierdie model is 'n metodologiewerktuig uitgedink en gebruik in 'n navorsingsprojek. Die kategorieë (of blokke) van die besigheidsmodel is as konseptuele kategorieë gebruik en verder verwerk tot 'n falingsmode en effekte-analise. Die besonderhede van die aanpassing van die besigheidsmodel skilderdoek is ondersoek, omdat die model aanvanklik vir entrepreneurs eerder as bestaande ondernemings ontwikkel is. Die werktuig is toegepas op n multidissiplinêre gemengde-metode projek van die Manuela Beltran Universiteit in Bogota, Colombia. Dié projek is van Oktober 2017 tot Mei 2019 uitgevoer en het die besigheidsdinamika van die oudiovisuele industrie in Bogota ondersoek. Die werktuig is toegepas op 32 sleutel ondernemings en vier institute in die plaaslike oudiovisuele industrie deur vier gedeeltelik gestruktureerde onderhoude met bestuurslede. Die nege blokke van die besigheidsmodel skilderdoek is konseptueel ontwikkel om die empiriese data te ontleed. Hierdie ontleding het groei geleenthede en patrone vir die bestaande besigheidmodelle van die ondernemings ontbloot.

RESUMO Eletroquimioterapia é uma modalidade de tratamento local contra o câncer em que a administração de quimioterápicos não penetrantes à membrana plasmática é associada à aplicação de pulsos elétricos com parâmetros bem estabelecidos, que abrem poros na membrana plasmática e facilitam a entrada desses fármacos nas células, aumentando sua citotoxicidade e reduzindo efeitos colaterais. A avaliação dos efeitos da eletroquimioterapia sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor sólido de Ehrlich em camundongos Swiss neste trabalho teve como objetivo testar o uso in vivo do aparelho eletroporador desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica da Escola de Engenharia da UFMG. Para tanto, foram utilizados 40 camundongos fêmeas da linhagem Swiss, nos quais foram inoculadas células de tumor de Ehrlich, para o desenvolvimento do tumor na forma sólida. Após 21 dias, os camundongos foram submetidos ao protocolo de tratamento específico (controle, bleomicina, pulsos elétricos e eletroquimioterapia); 17 dias depois foram eutanasiados e seus tumores coletados para análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. A eletroquimioterapia induziu perda de peso discreta e uma resposta inflamatória no tumor que não foi observada nos outros grupos. O grupo bleomicina apresentou maior porcentagem de necrose. Ambos os grupos apresentaram menor índice de proliferação celular. Com este estudo, pode-se concluir que o tratamento sob anestesia foi bem tolerado pelos animais e que o aparelho eletroporador desenvolvido pela Escola de Engenharia da UFMG é adequado para utilização em um protocolo de eletroquimioterapia.

ABSTRACT Electrochemotherapy is a local anticancer treatment in which non-permeant chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with electric pulses of well-established parameters. The electric pulses cause pores to open on the plasma membrane and facilitate drug transport, enhancing cytotoxicity and reducing side effects. Assessment of electrochemotherapy effects on Ehrlich solid tumor development in this work aims to evaluate in vivo usage of the electroporator device developed by the Department of Electrical Engineering of Engineering School of UFMG. Therefore, 40 Swiss mice were inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells, and developed the tumor in solid form. After 21 days, mice were subjected to specific treatment protocols (control, bleomycin, electric pulses and electrochemotherapy); 17 days later they were euthanized and the tumors collected for histopathology analysis. Electrochemotherapy induced discrete weight loss and an inflammatory response in the tumor, which was not seen on the other treatment groups. Bleomycin alone induced necrosis. Both groups showed lower cellular proliferation rates. From this study, it was concluded that the animals tolerated electrochemotherapy treatment under anesthesia and the electroporator device developed by the Engineering School of UFMG was adequate when used in an electrochemotherapy protocol.

O princípio de ação quântica de Schwinger é uma caracterização dinâmica das funções de transformação e está fundamentado na estrutura algébrica derivada da análise cinemática dos procesos de medida em nível quântico. Como tal, este princípio variacional permite derivar as relações de comutação canônicas numa forma totalmente consistente. Além disso, propociona as descrições dinâmicas de Schrödinger, Heisenberg e uma equação de Hamilton-Jacobi em nível quântico. Implementaremos este formalismo na resolução de sistemas simples como a partícula livre, o oscilador harmônico quântico e o oscilador harmônico quântico forçado.

The Schwinger quantum action principle is a dynamic characterization of the transformation functions and is based on the algebraic structure derived from the kinematic analysis of the measurement processes at the quantum level. As such, this variational principle, allows to derive the canonical commutation relations in a consistent way. Moreover, the dynamic pictures of Schrödinger, Heisenberg and a quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equation can be derived from it. We will implement this formalism by solving simple systems such as the free particle, the quantum harmonic oscillator and the quantum forced harmonic oscillator.

Neste artigo trataremos, de uma maneira pedagógica, a forma em que pode ser construída uma estrutura algébrica para os processos de medida em mecânica quântica partindo do conceito de símbolo de medida, concebido por Julian S. Schwinger, e que constitui peça fundamental para seu formalismo variacional e suas diferentes aplicações.

Here we deal in a pedagogical way with an approach to construct an algebraic structure for the quantum mechanical measurement processes from the concept of measurement symbol. Such concept was conceived by Julian S. Schwinger and constitutes a fundamental piece in his variational formalism and its several applications.